由于工资大幅上涨和能源成本上升造成竞争力下降，向来被称之为“世界工厂”的中国在全球制造业赛跑中开始落后。
根据波士顿咨询集团发布的最新数据，中国相对于美国的制造业价格优势逐渐消失，其他竞争力下降的国家还包括巴西、俄罗斯、捷克和波兰。
相反，由于温和的工资增长和能源价格下降，美国和墨西哥成为更受青睐的制造业产地。未来数年将会有越来越多美国企业选择在本土附近生产产品。
最近美国的经济数据也证明了这一点。上周美国公布7月份工业产出上升0.4%。7月份制造业产出上升1%。
中国的工资成本正在大幅飙升。2000年的时候，墨西哥的制造业劳动力成本大约是中国两倍。但2004年以来，中国的工资成本已经上升5倍，而墨西哥仅上升67%。
能源成本上升也在侵蚀中国的制造业竞争力。根据波士顿咨询集团的研究，从2004年到2014年，中国工业用电成本上升66%，俄罗斯上升132%；中国天然气成本飙升大约138%，俄罗斯上升202%。
虽然俄罗斯是天然气出口大国，美国页岩气产量上升大幅推低了美国的能源价格，相比之下，俄罗斯仍依赖传统天然气，价格大幅上涨。
美国制造业向本土回流不单单是工资和能源成本的问题，物流和良好的营商环境也是重要的考量因素，此外在国内生产更容易实施质量控制。
根据波士顿咨询集团2012年发布的一份报告，随着美国企业重新测算在中国的生产成本，部分行业将会在5年左右达到临界点，开始将制造向国内转移。这些行业包括计算机和电子、家电和电气设备、家具、卡车配件和自行车等运输产品。这些行业劳动力成本占比较低、运输成本较高，因此可能会最先向国内转移。（更多全球资讯请浏览中国进出口网）
"Made in USA" Challenging the "Made in China"
The sharp rise in wages and rising energy costs causing the competitiveness declining, China, once known as the "world factory", starts behind in the global manufacturing.
According to the latest data released by the Boston Consulting Group, China's manufacturing price advantage over US is gradually disappearing, other competitiveness-declining countries include Brazil, Russia, the Czech Republic and Poland.
On the contrary, due to moderate wage growth and energy prices decline, the United States and Mexico has become more popular in the manufacturing origin. The next few years there will be more and more U.S. companies choosing to produce the product in the local vicinity.
Recent U.S. economic data also proved this point. Last week, the United States announced industrial output in July rose 0.4 per cent. The manufacturing output in July rose 1 per cent.
China's wage costs are soaring. In 2000, the labor cost in the manufacturing sector in Mexico is about twice that in China. But since 2004, China's wage costs have risen five times, while Mexico increased by only 67%.
Rising energy costs also eroded the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. According to Boston Consulting Group, from 2004 to 2014, China's industrial electricity costs increased by 66%, Russia increased by 132%; China natural gas costs surged about 138%, Russia increased by 202%.
Although Russia is a major exporter of natural gas. Shale gas production in US rose sharply, pushing down the U.S. energy prices. In contrast, Russian still relies on traditional natural gas, and gas prices rose sharply.
American manufacturing back to US is not just a matter of wage and energy cost, logistics and a good business environment are also important factors. In addition, product quality is easier controlled.
It was reported by the Boston Consulting Group in 2012, with the American Enterprise re-estimating the product cost in China, some of the industry will reach a critical point in about 5 years, then they will begin to shift manufacturing to US. These industries include computers and electronics, home appliances and electrical equipment, furniture, truck accessories, bicycles and other transportation products. In these industries labor costs account lower and transportation costs account higher, so they may first start the domestic transfer.
