莫迪推“印度制造”计划

在印度的权力中心，印度制造业的时机已到。周四，印度总理纳伦德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)推出“印度制造”计划(Make in India Campaign)，希望将制造业占印度国内生产总值(GDP)的比重从目前的15%提升至25%，并为每年进入印度劳动力市场的逾1200万年轻人创造就业。
在向印度受邀企业嘉宾以及印度驻外使节发表的一篇激情演讲中，莫迪希望让怀有疑虑的国际企业以及忧心忡忡的国内企业家相信，印度能够成为一个具有竞争力的全球制造业中心。他承诺将提供“有效”治理，促进（而非阻碍）创造就业的工业投资。
“那些认为印度是一个巨大市场的人们从未想过印度公民是否具有购买力，”他表示，“联合起来让穷人中的最穷人群获得就业，能够延续我们的增长曲线，这是我们的共同责任。”
“当政府变成一个推动者时，我们就能实现我们想做的事。我们并不缺乏潜力。”
印度是全球IT服务的强大供应商。但由于基础设施不完善、限制严格的劳动法以及臭名昭著的官僚主义，尽管印度年轻人口众多，但该国一直难以在全球制造业供应链上发挥作用。
在2013年的全球出口中，印度仅占1.7%，高于1990年的0.5%，但远远落后于中国的11%，在中国，制造业占GDP的34%。
自从5月末上台以来，莫迪政府将注意力重新投向了制造业，先是解决了令人头疼的监管和上报要求问题，着眼于破除阻碍发展的官僚主义思维——正是这些因素导致印度在全球“经商便利度”调查中的排名靠后。
然而，要吸引制造业投资仅修补政府程序还不够。在周四的活动上，实业家穆克什•安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)敦促印度政府“向全世界的资金和专业技能开放”。塔塔集团(Tata group)董事长塞勒斯•密斯特里(Cyrus Mistry)表示，印度必须更新实体基础设施、加固具有成本效率的能源和物流系统，并“提高民众的就业能力”。
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 In New Delhi’s halls of power, manufacturing in India is certainly an idea whose time has come. On Thursday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the “Make in India Campaign”, setting his sights on raising manufacturing’s share of Indian GDP to 25 per cent, up from 15 per cent, to create jobs for the more than 12m young people entering the country’s labour market each year.
In an impassioned speech broadcast to invited business guests in India and Indian embassies abroad, Mr Modi sought to persuade sceptical international companies, and weary domestic entrepreneurs, that India can be a competitive global manufacturing hub. He pledged to provide “efficient and effective” governance that facilitated – rather than obstructed – job-generating industrial investments.
“Those who feel India is a big market never think about whether the citizens have purchasing power or not,” he said. “It is our collective responsibility to work together so that the poorest of the poor get employment and our growth trajectory will move ahead.
“When the government becomes a facilitator, we can achieve everything we want to. We have no dearth of potential.”
India is a formidable global supplier of IT-enabled services. But with its overstretched infrastructure, restrictive labour laws and notorious bureaucracy, it has struggled to find a role in the global supply chain of manufactured goods, despite its huge young population.
India’s share of world exports in 2013 was just 1.7 per cent, up from 0.5 per cent in 1990 but far behind the 11 per cent of China, wher manufacturing accounts for 34 per cent of GDP.
Since taking power in late May, Mr Modi’s administration has put a renewed focus on manufacturing, first tackling the niggling regulations and reporting requirements – and obstructive bureaucratic mindsets – that have underpinned India’s poor rankings on international “ease of doing business” surveys.
Yet luring manufacturing investments will take more than mere tinkering with government processes. At Thursday’s event, Mukesh Ambani, the industrialist, urged the government to be “open to capital and expertise from all over the world”. Cyrus Mistry, chairman of the Tata group, said India had to upgrade physical infrastructure, ensure cost-effective energy and logistics, and “improve our people’s employability”.
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